Trump’s Drugs Policies And Their Effects

Trump Administration's Drug Policies

During the Trump Administration, several drug policies were implemented to address the challenges posed by substance abuse in the United States. These policies focused on preventive measures, treatment and recovery support, and reducing the availability of illicit drugs.

Preventive Measures

The Trump Administration prioritized preventing drug use before it starts. By implementing evidence-based prevention programs and initiatives, they aimed to educate and raise awareness about the dangers of drug abuse. These efforts targeted various populations, including young people, families, and communities.

Treatment and Recovery Support

Recognizing the importance of effective treatment and recovery support, the Trump Administration sought to expand access to these services. Unfortunately, in 2018, only 11% of the estimated 21.3 million Americans with substance use disorder received treatment at specialized facilities due to a lack of access and prevailing attitudes about addiction [1]. Nonetheless, efforts were made to increase the availability of evidence-based treatment options, such as medication-assisted treatment and counseling.

Reducing Availability of Illicit Drugs

The Trump Administration recognized that the majority of illicit drugs consumed in the United States are produced abroad and brought into the country through various means, including border crossings and mail deliveries. To counter this, they implemented strategies to reduce the availability of illicit drugs within the country.

The National Drug Control Strategy and the National Interdiction Command and Control Plan outlined the Trump Administration's comprehensive approach to combating the availability of illicit drugs. These strategies involved collaboration with law enforcement agencies, international partners, and other stakeholders to disrupt drug trafficking networks and intercept drug shipments.

By adopting a balanced approach that prioritized public safety and public health, the Trump Administration aimed to reduce the number of Americans using opioids, cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamines, and other psychoactive substances. This comprehensive strategy aimed to address the complex issue of substance abuse and mitigate its impact on individuals, families, and communities across the nation.

Opioid Crisis in the US

The opioid crisis in the US has become a significant public health concern, impacting individuals and communities across the nation. Understanding the root causes, the response of the Trump administration, and the trends in overdose deaths is essential in addressing this crisis effectively.

Root Causes

The opioid crisis in the US has complex underlying factors, including economic and social upheaval. These factors contribute to the misuse and addiction to opioids, which serve as a refuge from physical and psychological trauma, concentrated disadvantage, isolation, and hopelessness. Additionally, overreliance on opioid medications is emblematic of a healthcare system that incentivizes quick, simplistic answers to complex physical and mental health needs. It is crucial to address not only the overprescribing of opioid analgesics but also the structural factors such as poverty, lack of opportunity, substandard living and working conditions, and social distress that contribute to opioid misuse and addiction.

Trump Administration's Response

The Trump administration acknowledged the severity of the opioid crisis and undertook various efforts to combat addiction and overdose deaths. Some of these efforts included setting restrictions on opioid prescriptions, calling for a public health emergency, launching ad campaigns targeting young people, expanding access to Naloxone (opioid overdose antidote), and urging China to stop illicit fentanyl production and exporting. The federal government, under Trump, passed the SUPPORT for Patients and Communities Act (SUPPORT Act), which allocated approximately $8 billion over five years towards addressing the opioid crisis. However, Trump's record on drugs has been criticized for a lack of focus and failure to act decisively. The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) faced challenges in producing required reports and strategies to effectively combat the drug crisis, and the administration was slow in responding to increased overdose cases during the pandemic.

Overdose Deaths and Trends

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the US was already battling an overdose crisis, with over 750,000 people dying from a drug overdose between 1999 and 2018. In 2018, the US experienced a 5% decrease in drug overdose deaths, leading to an increase in life expectancy for the first time in four years. However, despite this decline, overdose death numbers have not returned to 2016 levels, and deaths increased again in 2019, reaching a record high of 72,000 [3]. The crisis has gone through three phases, starting with the use of opioid analgesics, then the intertwining of opioid analgesic and heroin use, and finally the emergence of illicitly manufactured fentanyl and its analogs [2].

While the Trump administration focused on efforts to reduce opioid overdoses, deaths due to synthetic opioids like fentanyl continued to rise, along with deaths involving cocaine and psychostimulants such as methamphetamine, MDMA, methylphenidate (commonly sold as Ritalin), and caffeine. The effectiveness of the administration's response and the ongoing challenges in combatting the opioid crisis remain important areas of focus for public health professionals, policymakers, and communities across the country.

Biden's Stance on Drug Policies

When examining the landscape of drug policies, it is important to consider the stance of President Joe Biden. Biden has a historical perspective on drug policies, as well as a current approach that reflects a shift from his earlier positions.

Historical Perspective

Biden was one of the key figures involved in the implementation of the "War on Drugs" during the 1980s and 1990s. However, he has since acknowledged the shortcomings of this approach and the negative impact it had on communities. Biden recognizes his past "mistakes" and has expressed a commitment to reform the criminal justice system so that individuals are not incarcerated solely for drug use [4].

Current Approach

Biden's current approach to drug policies reflects a more progressive attitude towards addressing drug-related issues in the United States. He supports the decriminalization of cannabis and advocates for the expungement of prior cannabis use convictions. This position aligns with a growing recognition of the need to shift away from punitive measures and instead focus on treatment, prevention, and support for individuals struggling with substance abuse.

It is worth noting that Biden's choice of running mate, Vice President Kamala Harris, has also undergone a shift in her stance on drugs. She now supports the full legalization of marijuana and has co-sponsored bills advocating for this change. Additionally, Harris has been a vocal advocate for the expungement of cannabis-related criminal records.

While President Biden's approach to drug policies signifies a departure from his previous positions, the potential for substantial changes may face challenges and delays due to the events of 2020. Nonetheless, his more progressive stance offers hope for a comprehensive and compassionate approach to addressing drug-related issues in the United States.

Ongoing Challenges

Despite efforts to address the drug crisis, there are ongoing challenges that continue to impact communities. These challenges include the rise of synthetic opioids and other drugs, the effectiveness of current solutions, and expert perspectives on the issue.

Synthetic Opioids and Other Drugs

One of the ongoing challenges in the fight against drug abuse is the emergence of synthetic opioids and other illicit substances. Synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, have been a major cause of concern due to their potency and the high risk of overdose. According to CNN, public health experts have expressed concerns about the rising use of methamphetamine and cocaine as well. These substances pose additional challenges and require targeted interventions to address their impact on individuals and communities.

Effectiveness of Current Solutions

While efforts have been made to combat drug abuse and addiction, questions remain about the effectiveness of the current solutions in place. It is important to assess the impact of policies and interventions to determine their success in reducing substance abuse and related harms. Evaluating the outcomes and adjusting approaches accordingly is crucial to ensure that resources are allocated effectively and that the most vulnerable populations receive the necessary support.

Expert Perspectives

Expert perspectives play a vital role in shaping drug policies and strategies. Public health experts, addiction specialists, and healthcare professionals have valuable insights into the complexities of substance abuse and addiction. They provide evidence-based recommendations for prevention, treatment, and recovery efforts. According to CNN, experts such as Dr. Paul Earley have stressed the need for sustained funding and comprehensive reform of the substance treatment systems in the United States. Their expertise and input can guide policymakers in developing more effective strategies to address the challenges associated with drug abuse.

Addressing these ongoing challenges requires a multi-faceted approach that takes into account the evolving landscape of drug abuse. By staying informed about emerging substances, analyzing the effectiveness of current solutions, and incorporating expert perspectives, policymakers and healthcare professionals can work towards more comprehensive and impactful drug policies. Continued research, collaboration, and community engagement are essential in the ongoing fight against drug abuse and its devastating effects.

Impact of Policies

The drug policies implemented during the Trump administration had several impacts on addressing the opioid crisis and substance abuse. Let's explore some of the key impacts of these policies.

Reduction in Opioid Prescriptions

One notable impact of the Trump administration's drug policies was a significant reduction in the number of opioid prescriptions. According to data, there was a nearly one-third decline in the total amount of opioids prescribed since President Trump took office through June 2019 [5]. This reduction played a crucial role in curbing the excessive availability of opioids and minimizing the risk of misuse and addiction.

Seizures and Progress Indicators

The efforts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs saw positive results in terms of seizures and progress indicators. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) reported a 265 percent increase in nationwide seizures of fentanyl over the last three fiscal years. This indicates a significant interdiction of dangerous drugs entering the country and preventing their distribution.

Moreover, preliminary data show that as of March 2019, drug overdose deaths in Pennsylvania and Ohio were down by more than 23 percent from their peak levels, signaling progress in combating the crisis. These positive trends demonstrate the effectiveness of the policies in reducing the devastating impact of opioid overdoses.

Funding and Treatment Expansion

Under the Trump administration, substantial funding was secured to combat opioid abuse and expand access to treatment. In fiscal years 2018 and 2019, $6 billion in new funding was allocated, including resources to enhance access to medication-assisted treatment. This funding played a vital role in supporting individuals with substance use disorders and providing them with the necessary treatment and recovery support.

As a result, the number of Americans receiving medication-assisted treatment rose by 38 percent from 2016 to 2019, reaching approximately 1.27 million individuals. This expansion of treatment options helped improve access to evidence-based care and increase the chances of successful recovery for those struggling with addiction.

The impact of these policies highlights the importance of comprehensive approaches to tackle the opioid crisis, including reducing the availability of opioids, expanding treatment options, and providing necessary funding for prevention and recovery efforts. While challenges remain, these initiatives have shown progress in addressing the opioid crisis and supporting individuals affected by substance abuse disorders.

SAMHSA's Role

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) plays a crucial role in addressing the opioid crisis and advancing behavioral health in the United States. SAMHSA is committed to utilizing federal resources to combat the opioid crisis, with a focus on prevention, treatment, and recovery services.

Addressing the Opioid Crisis

SAMHSA is actively involved in helping American communities fight the opioid crisis through evidence-based programs and initiatives. By supporting prevention efforts, increasing access to treatment, and providing recovery support, SAMHSA aims to reduce the impact of opioid abuse and improve the overall health of affected individuals and communities.

Opioid Strategy Implementation

SAMHSA's response to the opioid crisis is guided by a comprehensive and evidence-based Opioid Strategy. This strategy focuses on combating the increasing abuse, addiction, and overdose related to prescription and illicit opioids that have devastated communities across the country over the past 15 years.

Through the implementation of this strategy, SAMHSA works to enhance the availability and effectiveness of prevention, treatment, and recovery services. By collaborating with federal, state, and local partners, SAMHSA aims to address the root causes of opioid abuse and develop sustainable solutions.

Advancing Behavioral Health

SAMHSA is dedicated to advancing the behavioral health of the nation. They lead public health efforts to address mental illness and substance abuse issues, ensuring access to evidence-based treatments for recovery. SAMHSA plays a crucial role in advocating for policies that support equitable access to behavioral health services for better outcomes.

By prioritizing behavioral health and substance abuse treatment, SAMHSA aims to reduce the stigma surrounding addiction and mental health disorders. They work towards improving access to quality care, promoting prevention efforts, and supporting individuals on their journey to recovery.

SAMHSA's role in addressing the opioid crisis and advancing behavioral health is essential in creating a comprehensive response to the challenges posed by substance abuse and mental health disorders. Through their initiatives and collaborative efforts, SAMHSA works towards improving the lives of individuals and communities affected by the opioid crisis.

References

• https://www.sambarecovery.com/rehab-blog/trump-s-drugs-policies‍